Title Search
In the context of Indian law, a title search is the process of reviewing public records and legal documents to verify the ownership and rights associated with a property. This process ensures that the title is clear and marketable, free from disputes, encumbrances, or legal defects. A thorough title search is crucial for buyers, lenders, and investors to prevent future legal complications related to property ownership.
Some of the Key Acts Governing Title Search
- Transfer of Property Act, 1882
- Indian Registration Act, 1908
- Land Revenue Acts of respective states
- Stamp Acts of respective states
- Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA)
- Hindu Succession Act, 1956
- Indian Succession Act, 1925
- Limitation Act, 1963
- Specific Relief Act, 1963
Services Provided:
1. Examination of Property Records
- Deed Verification: Checking the chain of title through sale deeds, gift deeds, partition deeds, and other conveyance documents.
- Encumbrance Certificates: Obtaining encumbrance certificates from the Sub-Registrar’s office to identify any registered encumbrances on the property
2. Legal Documentation Review:
- Government Orders: Reviewing any government notifications, acquisition records, or land ceiling orders affecting the property
- Revenue Records: Verifying records like the Record of Rights (RoR), mutation entries, and revenue survey records to confirm ownership
3. Search for Liens and Encumbrances:
- Mortgage Search: Checking for any mortgages, charges, or hypothecations recorded against the property.
- Litigation Search: Investigating court records for any pending litigations, disputes, or judgments affecting the property.
4. Verification of Compliance:
- Land Use Compliance: Ensuring that the property complies with zoning regulations and land use laws.
- Building Approvals: Verifying the approval of building plans and compliance with local municipal laws for constructed properties.
5. Title Report Preparation:
- Abstract of Title: Compiling a summary of the property's legal history, including past ownership, transfers, and any encumbrances.
- Legal Opinion: Providing a legal opinion on the marketability of the title, highlighting any defects or issues that need resolution.
6. Title Clearance:
- Rectification of Defects: Advising on steps to rectify title defects, such as executing rectification deeds, obtaining missing documents, or clearing encumbrances.
- Title Insurance: Assisting in obtaining title insurance to protect against future title disputes.
7. Due Diligence Services:
- Statutory Compliance Check: Ensuring compliance with various statutory requirements under Indian laws, such as the Transfer of Property Act, Indian Registration Act, and other relevant laws.
- Public Notice: Publishing a public notice in newspapers inviting claims, to safeguard against undisclosed encumbrances
8. Transaction Support:
- Drafting and Vetting: Drafting and vetting sale agreements, conveyance deeds, and other legal documents related to the transaction
- Registration Assistance:Facilitating the registration of property documents with the appropriate Sub-Registrar’s office.
9. Post-Transaction Services:
- Mutation and Tax Records Update: Assisting in the mutation of property records and updating tax records to reflect the new ownership
- Ongoing Monitoring: Monitoring for any new claims or encumbrances post-transaction and providing updates.